Dry Matter Intake (DMI) is the first thing to assess when pica is suspected. If there is a reduction in intake, then overall energy, protein, and mineral balance will be affected which not only increases the risk of pica but impacts fertility and performance. Remember to monitor grass growth rates and covers to ensure dry matter intakes are not restricted. Water availability is also key as any restriction will negatively impact DMI.

Rumen health can be impacted when there is an insufficient level of fibre in the diet. This low fibre and potential for acidosis are thought to be risk factors for pica. Ensure there is enough NDF in the diet and consider introducing a source of long fibre if needed. Low NDF is less of a risk later in the grazing season. A good measure is to monitor butterfat levels and if normal for the time of year then a lack of fibre is unlikely to be the cause.

Mineral imbalances or deficiencies are not only a risk to health and fertility, but low phosphorus, sodium and cobalt levels have also been associated with pica. In early summer, phosphorus and sodium can be low in pastures and unsupplemented cows may be at risk of deficiency. Ensure requirements are being met by assessing all dietary mineral sources, this includes grazed grass, concentrates, and water.