Rearing heifers are a sizeable investment to a dairy enterprise, with rearing costs not being recouped until the cow reaches their second lactation. Studies carried out by AHDB show that on average 17% of milking heifers exit the herd before their second lactation (AHDB, 2023).
Managing Heifers After Calving
Heifers will often take at least 2 weeks to settle into the milking routine and begin to reliably respond to the milking machine after entering the main herd. Heifers that have experienced a difficult calving may take longer to adjust to the new routine.
It is recommended that heifers are introduced into the milking herd during the afternoon period, due to their being less competition at feeding and drinking areas, in comparison to after the morning milking. During these quieter times, it will allow the heifers to explore the new environment in their own time.
Introducing heifers to the milking herd in pairs or small groups is suggested to ensure they settle and adapt to their new routine.
Space is Key
Heifers will commonly join the milking herd at the bottom of the social hierarchy, however bullying from older cows can be minimised by maximising feed space and loafing areas. Previous AHDB research has indicated that heifers with a total space of 14sq m, compared to only 9sq m yielded an additional 600 litres on average over 305 days (AHDB, 2023).
Ideally heifers should be housed separately from older dry cows, however where this is not practical on farm, heifers should be introduced to the close-up pen 60 days before calving. This will allow heifers to adapt to the close-up ration and adjust to the older dominate cows.
Similarly, where possible heifers should be housed separately after entering the milking herd. However, this is often not realistic, and heifers will be housed with mature cows. In this case, it is recommended that the stocking density is 90% or less depending on the available feed space.
Top Tips for Heifer Transitioning
1. Provide the heifers with parlour training.
2. Ensure the calving pen is a calm and quiet space.
3. Provide pain relief after calving.
4. Carefully monitor for milk fever, ketosis, and displaced abomasum post-calving.
5. Ensure dry matter intake is elevated during the transition period.
6. Regularly assess rumen fill and body condition score.
7. Provide sufficient feed and water space.
8. Provide adequate lying space, in cubicle and loose housing.
9. Minimise group changes within the herd.
10. Monitor and manage heifer lameness.
Thoughtful and strategic approach is essential for ensuring a smooth integration into the milking herd. From proper nutrition to socialisation, every step plays a crucial role in shaping the future of our dairy operations. By prioritising the well-being and development of your heifers, you not only enhance their productivity but also contribute to the overall success and sustainability of the herd.
References
Top tips for a smooth heifer transition into the calving herd | AHDB
Successful heifer transition into the milking herd | AHDB
