Sweet Itch in Horses or Ponies

Sweet Itch, also known as Summer Seasonal Recurrent Dermatits (SSRD) is an allergic reaction to the bites of the Cullicoides midge.

Signs are intense itching, particularly along the mane and tail, though we also frequently see head and belly rubbing. Hair loss and skin irritation with sore, inflamed areas of skin may be seen. Raised, ridged skin can also start to be seen if the condition worsens. Needless to say, affected horses and ponies will also be particularly irritated by flying insects, and especially those pesky midges!

Researchers have found evidence of a genetic link with Sweet Itch. This may explain why we see some breeds as more likely to suffer such as Shetlands, Shires, Welsh and Hackneys. Equally, research shows the importance of early exposure to the allergen to initiate the horse’s natural defence. Hence, we see a high level of Sweet Itch in exported Icelandic horses, as the absence of the Cullicoides midge in their native Iceland means they do not have early life exposure to the allergen.

The correct management can be useful to help those suffering from Sweet Itch. Consider stabling during peak times of day, particularly early morning and early evening, when both midges and general biting insects can be at their worst. When they are turned out, for Sweet Itch horses and ponies, try to choose an open aspect field, preferably on a hill which encourages a constant light breeze. Avoiding turnout in fields with standing ponds or any water sources where flies congregate is a must.

Fly rugs may prove useful, and don’t forget regular use of a strong, proven fly repellent. It is worth remembering that, legally, all insect repellents are registered for safety and efficacy. Therefore, to ensure you are using an approved product, check the label for the HSE or BPR registration number.

While external approaches are important, it is fair to say that skin health comes from within, and targeted nutrition is advised. Natural antioxidants can support the body’s own defence systems, while key nutrients such as MSM (Methyl sulphonyl methane) is an important sulphur donor, an intrinsic part of maintaining strong, healthy skin and coat.

By taking some simple management and dietary steps we can hopefully help all of our horses and ponies to enjoy the long summer days as much as we do.